Study social construction of crime and deviance (anomie, labelling, structural and subcultural theories), social control (formal and informal methods), criminal and deviant behaviour factors (class, gender, ethnicity, age), public debates (violent crime, sentencing, young offenders, prisons, media), and data on crime (sources, patterns, trends, 'dark figure').

Study functionalist theory of stratification (Davis and Moore), socio-economic class (Marx and Weber), life chances factors (class, gender, race, sexuality, age, disability, religion), poverty as a social issue (culture of poverty, material deprivation, relative deprivation, underclass), power and authority forms (traditional, charismatic, rational-legal), and power relationships.

Study research design (aims, hypotheses, pilot studies, sampling, data analysis), qualitative and quantitative methods (questionnaires, interviews, observations), different types of data (qualitative/quantitative, official/non-official statistics), primary and secondary sources, data interpretation (graphs, charts, tables, trends), practical issues (time, cost, access), and ethical issues (consent, confidentiality, harm).