Design Cost-Optimized Architectures

A company stores millions of images in an Amazon S3 bucket. The access patterns for the images are highly unpredictable; some images are accessed daily, while others are not accessed for months. The company wants to minimize storage costs without incurring retrieval fees or operational overhead. Which S3 storage class should be used?

A hospital needs to retain patient records for 10 years to meet regulatory compliance. The records are rarely accessed after the first year, but if needed, a retrieval time of 12 hours is acceptable. Which Amazon S3 storage class is the MOST cost-effective for long-term retention?

A company takes daily snapshots of its Amazon EBS volumes. The company has noticed that its AWS bill for EBS snapshots is increasing rapidly. The company only needs to retain snapshots for 30 days. Which TWO actions should a solutions architect take to optimize these costs? (Select TWO.)

A company runs a steady-state web application on Amazon EC2 instances. The compute requirements are consistent and predictable, and the company plans to run the application for the next 3 years. The company wants to maximize cost savings but needs the flexibility to change instance families (e.g., from compute-optimized to memory-optimized) if the application architecture changes. Which pricing model should they choose?

A data science team needs to run a massive data processing job that will take approximately 4 hours to complete. The job can be interrupted and resumed without losing progress. Which Amazon EC2 pricing option is the MOST cost-effective for this workload?

A company has hundreds of Amazon EC2 instances. The finance team suspects that many instances are over-provisioned (e.g., running on m5.2xlarge when a t3.medium would suffice). Which AWS service provides automated recommendations to right-size these instances based on historical utilization metrics?

A company has a serverless application using Amazon API Gateway and AWS Lambda. The application is invoked millions of times per day, and the AWS bill is higher than expected. The solutions architect notices that the Lambda function execution time is very fast, but the API Gateway costs are dominating the bill. Which TWO strategies can reduce the overall cost of this architecture? (Select TWO.)

A startup is launching a new mobile app backed by Amazon DynamoDB. The marketing team expects the app to go viral, but they have no idea how much database traffic to expect. They want to ensure the database does not throttle requests, but they also want to avoid paying for unused capacity. Which DynamoDB capacity mode should they choose?

A company has an internal reporting application that uses an Amazon RDS for MySQL database. The application is only used by employees during business hours (Monday to Friday, 9 AM to 5 PM). The database is currently running 24/7. What is the MOST cost-effective way to optimize the database costs?

A company is migrating a legacy application to AWS. The application requires a relational database. The database will be used sporadically, with long periods of inactivity followed by short bursts of high CPU utilization. The company wants to minimize costs. Which database service should be used?

A company has a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances in a private subnet that process large amounts of data and upload the results to an Amazon S3 bucket. The instances use a NAT Gateway to access S3. The company has noticed high data transfer costs associated with the NAT Gateway. How can a solutions architect eliminate these NAT Gateway data transfer costs?

A company hosts a popular public website on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The website serves a large amount of static media files (images and videos). The company's AWS bill shows high 'Data Transfer Out to Internet' costs. What is the MOST cost-effective way to reduce these data transfer costs?

A solutions architect is reviewing a company's AWS architecture to identify cost optimization opportunities. The architecture consists of a multi-tier application deployed across two Availability Zones. The architect notices high cross-AZ data transfer costs. Which TWO strategies can help reduce these specific costs? (Select TWO.)

A company stores millions of images in Amazon S3. The access patterns are highly unpredictable; some images are accessed daily, while others are not accessed for months. The company wants to optimize storage costs without incurring retrieval fees or operational overhead. Which S3 storage class should they use?

A company runs a batch processing job every night that takes 4 hours to complete. The job can be interrupted and resumed without issues. What is the MOST cost-effective EC2 pricing model for this workload?

A company has a steady-state workload running on EC2 instances. They want to commit to a 1-year term to reduce costs. They know they will need a specific amount of compute power, but they might change instance families (e.g., from M5 to C5) or operating systems during the year. Which TWO purchasing options provide the necessary flexibility? (Select TWO.)

A company has applications running in private subnets that frequently access Amazon DynamoDB. They are currently routing this traffic through a NAT Gateway, resulting in high data transfer costs. How can they eliminate the NAT Gateway data transfer costs for DynamoDB?

A new startup is launching a mobile app backed by Amazon DynamoDB. They have no historical data to predict traffic patterns and expect sudden, unpredictable spikes in usage. Which DynamoDB capacity mode is the MOST cost-effective?

A company wants to be alerted via email whenever their monthly AWS spending is forecasted to exceed $1,000. Which AWS service should they use?

A company stores log files in Amazon S3. The logs are frequently accessed for the first 30 days. After 30 days, they are rarely accessed but must be kept immediately available for 90 days. After 90 days, they must be retained for compliance for 5 years and are rarely accessed. Which TWO lifecycle rules provide the MOST cost-effective solution? (Select TWO.)

A media company serves large video files directly from an Amazon S3 bucket to users globally. Their AWS bill shows massive Data Transfer Out costs. What is the MOST cost-effective way to reduce these data transfer costs?

A company has a multi-tier web application. The database tier runs on Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The database is only used during business hours (8 AM to 6 PM, Monday to Friday). How can the company optimize the RDS costs with the LEAST operational overhead?

A company takes daily snapshots of their Amazon EBS volumes. They have noticed that their snapshot storage costs are growing rapidly because old snapshots are never deleted. What is the MOST operationally efficient way to manage this?

A company has hundreds of EC2 instances. They suspect many instances are over-provisioned (e.g., running on m5.xlarge when t3.medium would suffice). Which AWS service provides machine learning-driven recommendations to right-size these instances?

A company transfers 50 TB of data monthly from their on-premises data center to AWS over the public internet. They want to reduce data transfer costs and establish a more consistent network experience. Which TWO actions should they take? (Select TWO.)

A company has an Amazon RDS database in the us-east-1 region. They want to create a Read Replica in the eu-west-1 region for disaster recovery. What cost implications should the solutions architect consider?

A company stores millions of images in Amazon S3. The access patterns are highly unpredictable; some images are accessed daily, while others are not accessed for months. The company wants to optimize storage costs without incurring retrieval fees or operational overhead. Which S3 storage class should be used?

A hospital must retain patient records for 10 years for regulatory compliance. The records are rarely accessed after the first year, but if needed, a retrieval time of 12 hours is acceptable. Which S3 storage class is the MOST cost-effective?

A company runs a batch processing workload on Amazon EC2. The workload can be interrupted and resumed without data loss. The company wants to minimize compute costs. Which TWO strategies should be used? (Select TWO.)

A company has a steady-state web application running on EC2 instances. They plan to migrate some of these instances to AWS Fargate in the next 6 months. They want to reduce compute costs now but need pricing flexibility to apply the discount to Fargate later. What should they purchase?