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Audit EvidenceAnalytical ProceduresRevenueSubstantive TestingSyllabus Area D

ACCA · Question 15 · Audit Evidence

SECTION A - CASE 3: AQUAPURE UTILITIES

AquaPure Utilities is a highly regulated public utility company managing water and waste services. You are auditing the financial statements for the year ended 31 March 20X6.

During the audit, you note the following:

  1. AquaPure has a large internal audit (IA) department that recently completed a review of the procurement controls.
  2. The billing system is highly automated, generating millions of micro-invoices based on smart meter readings.
  3. The company owns a vast network of underground water pipes, which are difficult to physically verify.
  4. You plan to use substantive analytical procedures to audit water revenue.

Question:
You are performing a substantive analytical procedure on water revenue. Which of the following represents the most robust predictive model for this procedure?

Answer options:

A.

Comparing this year's total revenue to last year's total revenue and investigating any variance over 5%.

B.

Multiplying the total volume of water supplied (from independent reservoir outflow meters) by the standard regulated tariff rate.

C.

Calculating the gross profit margin and comparing it to industry averages.

D.

Reviewing the monthly revenue trend line for unusual spikes or dips.

How to approach this question

A robust substantive analytical procedure involves the auditor developing an independent expectation of a balance. Using non-financial data (gallons of water) multiplied by a known price (tariff) creates a strong expectation to compare against the client's recorded revenue.

Full Answer

B.Multiplying the total volume of water supplied (from independent reservoir outflow meters) by the standard regulated tariff rate.✓ Correct
A substantive analytical procedure is most effective when the auditor can develop a precise expectation. Option B uses independent, non-financial operating data (reservoir outflow) and a fixed, verifiable price (regulated tariff) to calculate what the revenue *should* be. This is much more robust than simply comparing to last year or looking at trends.

Common mistakes

Confusing basic analytical procedures (like comparing to prior year or trend analysis) with a 'predictive model' or 'proof in total'.

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