In the context of employment law, which of the following tests is used by courts to determine if an individual working in the gig economy is an employee rather than an independent contractor?

To determine employment status, courts have historically used the control test and the integration test. Today, they use the 'multiple test' (or economic reality test) established in Ready Mixed Concrete (South East) Ltd v Minister of Pensions, which weighs all factors, including control, integration, mutuality of obligation, and financial risk.