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AQA GCSE · Question 07.2 · Statistical Measures and Calculations
How many times greater is the risk of getting lung cancer for a man who is a heavy smoker compared with a man who has never smoked?
How many times greater is the risk of getting lung cancer for a man who is a heavy smoker compared with a man who has never smoked?
How to approach this question
1. Find the risk for a man who is a "heavy smoker" from the diagram: Male 24.6%.
2. Find the risk for a man who has "never smoked" from the diagram: Male 0.2%.
3. The question asks "how many times greater". This requires a division.
4. Divide the larger percentage by the smaller percentage: 24.6 ÷ 0.2.
5. Calculate the result: 24.6 / 0.2 = 123.
6. State the answer clearly.
Full Answer
Risk for a man who is a heavy smoker = 24.6%
Risk for a man who has never smoked = 0.2%
To find how many times greater, we divide the larger risk by the smaller risk:
Times greater = 24.6 / 0.2
Times greater = 123.
The risk is 123 times greater.
This question is about calculating a relative risk.
1. First, identify the two risk values from the diagram:
* Risk for a male heavy smoker = 24.6%
* Risk for a male who never smoked = 0.2%
2. To find how many times greater the first risk is compared to the second, we perform a division:
Relative risk = (Risk in group 1) / (Risk in group 2)
Relative risk = 24.6 / 0.2
3. Calculating this gives:
24.6 / 0.2 = 123
Therefore, the risk is 123 times greater for a male heavy smoker compared to a male who has never smoked.
Common mistakes
✗ Using the data for females instead of males.
✗ Subtracting the percentages instead of dividing them.
✗ Errors in calculation, especially when dividing by a decimal.
Practice the full AQA GCSE Statistics Higher Tier Paper 1
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