Medium2 marksStructured
Data Collection and Sampling MethodsData CollectionSamplingRepresentativenessGCSE

AQA GCSE · Question 08.5 · Data Collection and Sampling Methods

Lucy is a statistician who visits the café. She identifies a problem with Rachel's data collection strategy and offers a solution. Describe the problem and the solution Lucy may have suggested.

How to approach this question

1. Critically evaluate the data collection method: "On one day, Rachel records...". 2. Identify the main limitation of this method. Collecting data on only one day is a very small sample in terms of time. 3. **Problem**: A single day might be unusual (e.g., particularly sunny, a local event, a holiday). The results from one day may not be representative of a typical day or week. 4. **Solution**: How can this problem be fixed? To get a more reliable and representative dataset, the data collection period should be extended. 5. Suggest a specific improvement. For example, collect data on multiple days, including weekdays and weekends, to account for daily variations. Then, averages could be calculated.

Full Answer

**Problem:** The data was all collected on a single day. This may not be representative of a typical week, as different days (e.g., Monday vs. Saturday) could have very different patterns of customer flow and waiting times. **Solution:** Lucy would suggest collecting data over a longer period, for example, on different days of the week (like one weekday and one weekend day) or over a full week, and then calculating the average for each time slot. This would provide a more reliable and representative picture of the café's business.
The question asks to identify a flaw in the data collection strategy and suggest an improvement. **Problem:** The primary issue is that the data was collected on a single, unspecified day. Business patterns in a café can vary significantly from day to day. For example, a Tuesday is likely to be very different from a Saturday. A single day could also be an anomaly for other reasons (e.g., bad weather, a local event). Therefore, data from just one day is unlikely to be representative of the overall business pattern. **Solution:** To make the findings more reliable and generalisable, data should be collected over a longer and more representative period. A good solution would be to sample customers at the same time slots but on several different days, including both weekdays and weekend days. This would allow Rachel and Mitch to see if the pattern they observed is typical and to make a more informed decision based on average waiting times across a whole week.

Common mistakes

✗ Identifying a minor problem instead of the main one (e.g., "the sample size of 25 is too small"). ✗ Suggesting a solution that doesn't fix the main problem (e.g., "ask more questions").

Practice the full AQA GCSE Statistics Higher Tier Paper 1

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