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Area 1: Financial ReportingBalance SheetDebt Classification

CPA · Question 3 · Area 1: Financial Reporting

A company has a debt covenant requiring a current ratio of at least 2.0. On December 31, Year 1, the company has current assets of $800,000 and current liabilities of $500,000. On January 15, Year 2, before the financial statements are issued, the company refinances $200,000 of its short-term debt into a long-term note due in 5 years. The refinancing agreement is non-cancelable. How should the $200,000 debt be classified on the December 31, Year 1 balance sheet, and is the covenant violated?

Answer options:

A.

Current Liability; Covenant is violated.

B.

Non-current Liability; Covenant is not violated.

C.

Current Liability; Covenant is not violated.

D.

Non-current Liability; Covenant is violated.

How to approach this question

Check ASC 470 criteria for refinancing short-term debt: Intent + Ability. Ability is demonstrated by actual refinancing before FS issuance. Adjust CL and recalculate ratio.

Full Answer

B.Non-current Liability; Covenant is not violated.✓ Correct
The company demonstrated the ability to refinance by actually entering the agreement before the financial statements were issued. Therefore, the $200,000 is excluded from current liabilities. Adjusted Current Liabilities = $300,000. Current Ratio = $800,000 / $300,000 = 2.67, which meets the covenant requirement.

Common mistakes

Thinking the refinancing must occur before Dec 31 (it just needs to be before issuance for ability demonstration).

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