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Inheritance Variation and EvolutionGeneticsPunnett squareInheritance

AQA GCSE · Question 01.3 · Inheritance Variation and Evolution

Figure 2Person 2Person 1NnNnNn

Persons 1 and 2 in Figure 1 have a child with MSUD and some children without MSUD.
Complete the Punnett square (Figure 2) to show the possible genotypes of the children.
Use the following symbols:
N = allele for not having MSUD
n = allele for MSUD

How to approach this question

1. Determine the genotypes of Person 1 and Person 2. Since they have a child with MSUD (genotype nn), both parents must carry the recessive allele 'n'. Since they do not have MSUD themselves, they must also have the dominant allele 'N'. Therefore, both parents are heterozygous (Nn). 2. The Punnett square shows the gametes for Person 1 (N, n) on the side and Person 2 (N, n) on the top. 3. Fill in each box by combining the allele from the corresponding row and column. - Top-left box: N from Person 1 and N from Person 2 gives NN. - Bottom-left box: n from Person 1 and N from Person 2 gives Nn. - Bottom-right box: n from Person 1 and n from Person 2 gives nn.

Full Answer

The completed Punnett square is: Top row: NN, Nn Bottom row: Nn, nn
For parents to have a child with a recessive condition (MSUD, genotype nn), they must both pass on a recessive allele (n). Since the parents themselves do not have the condition, they must also possess the dominant allele (N). This means both parents have the genotype Nn (heterozygous). The Punnett square combines the possible gametes from each parent: - Parent 1 gametes: N and n - Parent 2 gametes: N and n The possible offspring genotypes are: - N (from P1) + N (from P2) = NN - N (from P1) + n (from P2) = Nn - n (from P1) + N (from P2) = Nn - n (from P1) + n (from P2) = nn

Common mistakes

✗ Incorrectly identifying the parents' genotypes. For example, thinking one is NN. ✗ Making errors when combining the alleles in the boxes.

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