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AQA GCSE · Question 03.2 · Atomic structure and the periodic table

Carbon has isotopes with mass numbers 12, 13 and 14. Complete the sentences. Choose answers from the box.\n\n[electrons, ions, molecules, neutrons, protons]\n\nThe isotopes of carbon have the same number of ______.\nThe isotopes of carbon have a different number of ______.

How to approach this question

Recall the definition of isotopes. Isotopes are atoms of the same element (so they must have the same number of protons) but with different numbers of neutrons (which results in different mass numbers).

Full Answer

The isotopes of carbon have the same number of **protons**.\nThe isotopes of carbon have a different number of **neutrons**.
Isotopes are defined as atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.\n- **Same number of protons:** Because they are all atoms of carbon, they must all have 6 protons. The number of protons determines the element.\n- **Different number of neutrons:** The different mass numbers (12, 13, 14) are due to the varying number of neutrons in the nucleus. Carbon-12 has 6 neutrons, Carbon-13 has 7 neutrons, and Carbon-14 has 8 neutrons.

Common mistakes

✗ Mixing up protons and neutrons.\n✗ Thinking the number of electrons is different (this would make it an ion, not a different isotope).

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