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AQA GCSE · Question 02.4 · Atomic structure and the periodic table
Table 1 shows the densities of some of the elements in Group 0 of the periodic table.
Plot the data from Table 1 on Figure 1.
<br/><br/>
<table border="1" cellpadding="12" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; border: 2px solid black;">
<caption style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px;">Table 1</caption>
<tr>
<th style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: left; font-weight: bold;">Element</th>
<th style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">Atomic number</th>
<th style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">Density in mg/cm<sup>3</sup></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px;">Helium</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center;">2</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center;">0.2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px;">Neon</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center;">10</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center;">0.8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px;">Argon</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center;">18</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center;">1.6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px;">Krypton</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center;">36</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px;">Xenon</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center;">54</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center;">5.4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px;">Radon</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center;">86</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center;">9.1</td>
</tr>
</table>
Table 1 shows the densities of some of the elements in Group 0 of the periodic table.
Plot the data from Table 1 on Figure 1.
<br/><br/>
<table border="1" cellpadding="12" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; border: 2px solid black;"> <caption style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px;">Table 1</caption> <tr> <th style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: left; font-weight: bold;">Element</th> <th style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">Atomic number</th> <th style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">Density in mg/cm<sup>3</sup></th> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px;">Helium</td> <td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center;">2</td> <td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center;">0.2</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px;">Neon</td> <td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center;">10</td> <td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center;">0.8</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px;">Argon</td> <td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center;">18</td> <td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center;">1.6</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px;">Krypton</td> <td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center;">36</td> <td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">X</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px;">Xenon</td> <td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center;">54</td> <td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center;">5.4</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px;">Radon</td> <td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center;">86</td> <td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center;">9.1</td> </tr> </table>How to approach this question
1. Look at the axes. The x-axis is "Atomic number" and the y-axis is "Density in mg/cm³".
2. For each element in Table 1, find the atomic number on the x-axis and the density on the y-axis.
3. Mark a small cross or dot where these two values meet on the graph.
4. Repeat for all the data points given in the table (excluding Krypton, which has value X).
5. Check your points are plotted accurately within half a small square.
Full Answer
The points from the table (2, 0.2), (10, 0.8), (18, 1.6), (54, 5.4), and (86, 9.1) should be plotted accurately on the graph.
<br/><br/>
<svg width="450" height="350" viewBox="0 0 450 350" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<style>
.axis-line { stroke: black; stroke-width: 1; }
.grid-line { stroke: #d3d3d3; stroke-width: 0.5; }
.label { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-anchor: middle; }
.y-label { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-anchor: end; }
.x-label { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-anchor: middle; }
.title { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-anchor: middle; font-weight: bold; }
.point { fill: blue; }
</style>
<!-- Title -->
<text x="225" y="20" class="title">Figure 1</text>
<!-- Y Axis -->
<line x1="50" y1="50" x2="50" y2="300" class="axis-line" />
<text x="20" y="175" class="label" transform="rotate(-90, 20, 175)">Density in mg/cm³</text>
<!-- X Axis -->
<line x1="50" y1="300" x2="420" y2="300" class="axis-line" />
<text x="235" y="330" class="label">Atomic number</text>
<!-- Grid lines and labels -->
<g id="y-axis-grid">
<line x1="50" y1="300" x2="420" y2="300" class="grid-line" />
<text x="40" y="305" class="y-label">0</text>
<line x1="50" y1="250" x2="420" y2="250" class="grid-line" />
<text x="40" y="255" class="y-label">2</text>
<line x1="50" y1="200" x2="420" y2="200" class="grid-line" />
<text x="40" y="205" class="y-label">4</text>
<line x1="50" y1="150" x2="420" y2="150" class="grid-line" />
<text x="40" y="155" class="y-label">6</text>
<line x1="50" y1="100" x2="420" y2="100" class="grid-line" />
<text x="40" y="105" class="y-label">8</text>
<line x1="50" y1="50" x2="420" y2="50" class="grid-line" />
<text x="40" y="55" class="y-label">10</text>
</g>
<g id="x-axis-grid">
<line x1="50" y1="50" x2="50" y2="300" class="grid-line" />
<text x="50" y="315" class="x-label">0</text>
<line x1="124" y1="50" x2="124" y2="300" class="grid-line" />
<text x="124" y="315" class="x-label">20</text>
<line x1="198" y1="50" x2="198" y2="300" class="grid-line" />
<text x="198" y="315" class="x-label">40</text>
<line x1="272" y1="50" x2="272" y2="300" class="grid-line" />
<text x="272" y="315" class="x-label">60</text>
<line x1="346" y1="50" x2="346" y2="300" class="grid-line" />
<text x="346" y="315" class="x-label">80</text>
<line x1="420" y1="50" x2="420" y2="300" class="grid-line" />
<text x="420" y="315" class="x-label">100</text>
</g>
<!-- Data Points -->
<!-- (2, 0.2) -->
<circle cx="57.4" cy="295" r="2" class="point" />
<!-- (10, 0.8) -->
<circle cx="87" cy="280" r="2" class="point" />
<!-- (18, 1.6) -->
<circle cx="116.6" cy="260" r="2" class="point" />
<!-- (54, 5.4) -->
<circle cx="249.8" cy="165" r="2" class="point" />
<!-- (86, 9.1) -->
<circle cx="368.2" cy="72.5" r="2" class="point" />
</svg>
To plot the data, treat each row of the table as a coordinate pair (x, y), where x is the atomic number and y is the density.
- Helium: (2, 0.2)
- Neon: (10, 0.8)
- Argon: (18, 1.6)
- Xenon: (54, 5.4)
- Radon: (86, 9.1)
Each point is marked on the graph at the intersection of its x and y values. For example, for Helium, find 2 on the x-axis and 0.2 on the y-axis and mark the point.
Common mistakes
✗ Mixing up the x and y axes.
✗ Misinterpreting the scale on the axes, especially the minor grid lines.
✗ Plotting the point for Krypton, which has an unknown value.
Practice the full AQA GCSE Chemistry Higher Tier Paper 1
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