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AQA GCSE · Question 09.4 · Forces
The child pushed the baby walker from a carpet onto a hard floor. The child applied the same horizontal force to the baby walker. Explain why the speed of the baby walker increased.
The child pushed the baby walker from a carpet onto a hard floor. The child applied the same horizontal force to the baby walker. Explain why the speed of the baby walker increased.
How to approach this question
1. Compare the friction on a carpet to the friction on a hard floor.
2. The pushing force is constant. Consider what happens to the *resultant* force when the friction changes.
3. Link the change in resultant force to a change in acceleration using Newton's Second Law (F=ma).
Full Answer
The frictional force on the hard floor is less than on the carpet. Since the pushing force remained the same, the resultant force forwards increased. An increased resultant force causes a greater acceleration (F=ma), so the speed increased.
When the baby walker is moving, there are two main horizontal forces: the pushing force from the child and the opposing force of friction. The resultant force is (Pushing Force - Frictional Force).
1. A hard floor has a lower coefficient of friction than a carpet, so the frictional force is smaller on the hard floor.
2. The child applied the same pushing force.
3. Because the frictional force decreased, the resultant force in the forward direction increased.
4. According to Newton's Second Law (F=ma), a larger resultant force causes a larger acceleration. This increase in acceleration means the speed of the walker increased.
Common mistakes
✗ Just saying "it's smoother" without mentioning friction.\n✗ Failing to link the change in friction to a change in the *resultant force* and then to acceleration.
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