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Planning and Designing Statistical InvestigationsHypothesisCorrelationSpearman's RankGCSE

AQA GCSE · Question 10.1 · Planning and Designing Statistical Investigations

Fifteen people apply to take part in an 'IronMan' triathlon. Angelina collects data on each competitor's age, blood pressure, and resting heart rate. Angelina thinks that finishing position in the triathlon (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc) and resting heart rate will show positive correlation. Write a hypothesis for her to investigate.

How to approach this question

1. **Understand the variables**: The two variables are "finishing position" (a rank, where 1st is a low number) and "resting heart rate" (a measurement). 2. **Understand Angelina's thought**: She thinks there will be a "positive correlation". 3. **Interpret "positive correlation" in this context**: This means as one variable increases, the other variable also increases. So, as resting heart rate (e.g., 50bpm, 60bpm, 70bpm) increases, the finishing position *number* (e.g., 5th, 10th, 15th) also increases. A higher finishing position number means a worse performance. 4. **Formulate the hypothesis**: Combine the variables and the expected relationship into a testable statement. "There is a positive correlation between resting heart rate and finishing position." or "A higher resting heart rate is associated with a higher finishing position number (a worse result)."

Full Answer

There is a positive correlation between resting heart rate and finishing position number.
A hypothesis is a testable statement about the relationship between two variables. Angelina is investigating the link between "resting heart rate" and "finishing position". She believes the correlation will be positive. A positive correlation means that as one variable increases, the other variable also tends to increase. In this context: - An increase in "resting heart rate" (e.g., from 55 bpm to 70 bpm) - would be associated with an increase in the "finishing position" number (e.g., from 3rd place to 12th place). Note that a higher finishing position number means a slower or worse performance. So, her hypothesis is essentially that a higher resting heart rate (a sign of lower fitness) leads to a worse finishing position. A suitable hypothesis is: **"There is a positive correlation between a competitor's resting heart rate and their finishing position number."**

Common mistakes

✗ Writing a question instead of a statement. ✗ Confusing positive correlation with good performance. A positive correlation here means a higher heart rate is linked to a higher (worse) finishing number. ✗ Stating an aim, e.g., "To see if heart rate affects position".

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