UrbanDash operates a gig-economy food delivery platform. Riders provide their own bicycles, can choose when to log onto the app, and can send a substitute rider if they are unavailable. However, they must wear UrbanDash branded clothing. Applying the multiple (economic reality) test, what is the most likely employment status of the riders?

Under the multiple test (Ready Mixed Concrete), key factors for employment include personal service, control, and mutuality of obligation. The unfettered right to send a substitute is generally fatal to an employment relationship because it negates the requirement for personal service. Furthermore, choosing when to work negates mutuality of obligation. Therefore, they are independent contractors.