Salmonella bacteria cause outbreaks of food poisoning in humans. To prevent food poisoning in humans, farmers vaccinate their animals against Salmonella bacteria. How do Salmonella bacteria in food cause the symptoms of vomiting and diarrhoea?

When a person ingests food contaminated with Salmonella bacteria, the bacteria multiply in the intestines. As they grow, they produce and release harmful chemicals called toxins. These toxins irritate the lining of the stomach and intestines, leading to the characteristic symptoms of food poisoning, such as inflammation, vomiting, and diarrhoea, which are the body's attempts to expel the toxins.