Figure 2 shows the apparatus used. What two mistakes did the student make in setting up the apparatus? Select two options.

There are two major mistakes in the student's setup: 1. **The start line is drawn in ink:** The baseline on a chromatogram must always be drawn in pencil. Pencil is graphite (carbon), which is insoluble in the solvents used and will not move. Ink contains dyes that are soluble and will separate along with the samples, ruining the chromatogram. 2. **Uses water as the solvent:** The introduction to the question explicitly states, "The colours are soluble in ethanol but are insoluble in water." For chromatography to work, the substances being separated must be soluble in the solvent. Since the flower colours are insoluble in water, they will not move from the baseline, and no separation will occur. The student should have used ethanol.