Describe how ethanol is produced from sugar solution. Give the name of this process.

The production of ethanol from a sugar solution is a biological process called **fermentation**. The key steps are: 1. **Yeast** is added to a solution of sugar (like glucose). Yeast is a microorganism that contains enzymes (such as zymase). 2. The mixture is kept in **warm conditions**, typically between 25°C and 40°C. This is the optimal temperature for the yeast's enzymes to work efficiently. If it's too cold, the reaction is too slow; if it's too hot, the enzymes denature. 3. The reaction must be carried out in the **absence of oxygen** (anaerobic conditions). If oxygen is present, the yeast will respire aerobically, producing carbon dioxide and water instead of ethanol. The overall equation for fermentation is: Sugar (glucose) → Ethanol + Carbon dioxide