Hard30 marksExtended Response
Shakespeare and the 19th-Century NovelJekyll and HydeStevensonHydeEvil

AQA GCSE · Question 07 · Shakespeare and the 19th-Century Novel

SOURCE TEXT:
Read the following extract from Chapter 1 (Story of the Door) of The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde and then answer the question that follows.

In this extract, Mr Enfield tells Mr Utterson about his encounter with Mr Hyde.

"Well, it was this way,” returned Mr. Enfield: “I was coming home from some place at the end of the world, about three o'clock of a black winter morning, and my way lay through a part of town where there was literally nothing to be seen but lamps. Street after street, and all the folks asleep – street after street, all lighted up as if for a procession and all as empty as a church – till at last I got into that state of mind when a man listens and listens and begins to long for the sight of a policeman. All at once I saw two figures: one a little man who was stumping along eastward at a good walk, and the other a girl of maybe eight or ten, who was running as hard as she was able down a cross street. Well, sir, the two ran into one another naturally enough at the corner; and then came the horrible part of the thing; for the man trampled calmly over the child's body and left her screaming on the ground. It sounds nothing to hear, but it was hellish to see. It wasn't like a man; it was like some damned Juggernaut. I gave a view-holloa, took to my heels, collared my gentleman, and brought him back to where there was already quite a group about the screaming child. He was perfectly cool, and made no resistance, but gave me one look so ugly that it brought out the sweat on me like running. The people who had turned out were the girl's own family; and pretty soon, the doctor, for whom she had been sent, put in his appearance. Well, the child was not much the worse, more frightened, according to the Sawbones; and there you might have supposed would be an end to it. But there was one curious circumstance. I had taken a loathing to my gentleman at first sight. So had the child's family, which was only natural. But the doctor's case was what struck me. He was the usual cut-and-dry apothecary, of no particular age and colour, with a strong Edinburgh accent, and about as emotional as a bagpipe. Well, sir, he was like the rest of us; every time he looked at my prisoner, I saw that Sawbones turn sick and white with the desire to kill him. I knew what was in his mind, just as he knew what was in mine; and killing being out of the question, we did the next best. We told the man we could and would make such a scandal out of this as should make his name stink from one end of London to the other. If he had any friends or any credit, we undertook that he should lose them. And all the time, as we were pitching it in red-hot, we were keeping the women off him as best we could, for they were as wild as harpies. I never saw a circle of such hateful faces; and there was the man in the middle, with a kind of black, sneering coolness – frightened, too, I could see that but carrying it off, sir, really like Satan."

QUESTION:
Starting with this extract, explore how far Stevenson presents Mr Hyde as a threatening and dangerous character.

Write about:
• how Stevenson presents Mr Hyde in this extract
• how far Stevenson presents Mr Hyde as threatening and dangerous in the novel as a whole.

How to approach this question

1. Begin by closely analysing Enfield's description of Hyde in the extract. Focus on the language used to convey his evil and the reactions he provokes in others. 2. Formulate a thesis about how Hyde is presented as both a physical and a psychological threat. 3. Structure your essay to show the escalation of Hyde's dangerous behaviour. Move from the trampling of the girl to the murder of Carew. 4. Discuss the mystery surrounding Hyde's appearance – how he is described as deformed or 'troglodytic' but no one can specify why, suggesting his evil is a spiritual deformity. 5. Explore the theme of duality and how Hyde represents the dangerous, hidden side of Dr Jekyll and, by extension, all of humanity. 6. Conclude by summarising how Hyde's character embodies the fears and anxieties of the Victorian era.

Full Answer

A strong answer will analyse how the extract immediately establishes Hyde as a threatening and dangerous figure. His actions are shocking and remorseless ('trampled calmly over the child's body'), and his appearance provokes an instant 'loathing' in all who see him, even the unemotional doctor. Stevenson uses imagery of evil ('damned Juggernaut', 'really like Satan') to suggest Hyde is more than humanly wicked. The answer should then broaden to discuss Hyde's escalating violence throughout the novel, most notably the brutal murder of Sir Danvers Carew. It should also explore the psychological threat he represents – the idea that such evil can exist within a respectable man like Dr Jekyll. Hyde is dangerous not just because of his physical violence, but because he represents the repressed, primitive desires that threaten the strict moral code of Victorian society. His ultimate act of forcing Jekyll to suicide is the final confirmation of his destructive and dangerous nature.
This question asks you to analyse Stevenson's presentation of Mr Hyde as a villain. You need to examine the specific language and events used to build his character as a figure of pure evil. Your analysis should cover both his violent actions and the profound, almost supernatural, sense of revulsion he inspires in others. The essay should connect the initial incident in the extract to his later, more horrific crimes, and consider his symbolic role as the embodiment of repressed evil.

Common mistakes

A common mistake is to simply list Hyde's bad deeds without analysing the language Stevenson uses to describe them. Focus on *how* the sense of threat is created. Another error is to neglect the reactions of other characters to Hyde, which are crucial in establishing his malevolent presence. Ensure you discuss both the extract and the wider novel.

Practice the full AQA GCSE English Literature Paper 1

13 questions · hints · full answers · grading

More questions from this exam