AQA GCSE Physics Higher Tier Paper 1

Wind turbines may generate electricity when the electricity is not needed. Two methods that can be used to store the energy from the turbine are:
Method A: Heating water to a high temperature.
Method B: Pumping water uphill into a reservoir.

Which energy store increases when water is heated?

The table shows information about the two methods of storing energy.
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<table border="1" cellpadding="12" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; border: 2px solid black;"> <tr> <th style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; font-weight: bold;">Method</th> <th style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">Energy stored<br/>per 100 kg of<br/>water in kJ</th> <th style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">Percentage of<br/>stored energy<br/>wasted</th> <th style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">Installation</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px;"><b>A:</b> Increasing water<br/>temperature by 80 °C</td> <td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center;">33 600</td> <td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center;">40%</td> <td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center;">Anywhere</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px;"><b>B:</b> Pumping water uphill to<br/>a height of 500 m</td> <td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center;">490</td> <td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center;">25%</td> <td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 12px; text-align: center;">High<br/>mountains</td> </tr> </table> <br/><br/>

Compare the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods of storing energy. Include calculations in your answer.

Decreasing the amount of carbon dioxide released by different activities will help slow down climate change. Transport and generating electricity are the two activities that released the largest amounts of carbon dioxide in the UK in 2018.

Explain one change that would reduce the amount of carbon dioxide released by each activity.

Transport:

Generating electricity:

The process of nuclear fission is used in nuclear power stations. The diagram shows the process of nuclear fission.

Complete the sentences. Choose answers from the box.
[electrons, gamma rays, neutrons, nuclei, protons]

1. In nuclear power stations, energy is released from uranium _______.
2. The uranium in the diagram splits into two parts and releases three _______.
3. The process of nuclear fission releases electromagnetic radiation in the form of _______.