1. Place a glass block on a piece of paper and draw around it.
2. Draw a normal line at 90° to the surface of the block.
3. Use a protractor to measure and draw a line for the angle of incidence (e.g., 10°) from the normal.
4. Shine a ray of light from a ray box along this line.
5. Mark the position of the ray of light as it emerges from the opposite side of the block with two crosses.
6. Remove the block and draw a line through the crosses to show the path of the emergent ray.
7. Draw a line to connect the point of entry to the point of emergence. This is the refracted ray inside the block.
8. Measure the angle of refraction between the refracted ray and the normal using the protractor.
9. Repeat the experiment for a range of different angles of incidence (e.g., 20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°).
To investigate refraction, a ray of light is shone through a transparent medium like a glass block.
1. **Setup:** A glass block is placed on paper and its outline is traced. A "normal" line is drawn perpendicular (at 90°) to the surface where the light will enter.
2. **Incident Ray:** A ray box is used to shine a narrow beam of light towards the block, hitting the point where the normal is drawn. The angle between this incoming ray and the normal is the angle of incidence (i). This angle is set using a protractor.
3. **Refracted Ray:** As the light enters the denser glass block, it slows down and bends towards the normal. The path of this ray is marked. The angle between the refracted ray and the normal is the angle of refraction (r).
4. **Measurement:** The angle of refraction is measured using the protractor.
5. **Repetition:** The process is repeated for various angles of incidence to see how the angle of refraction changes, allowing for a full set of results like those in Table 1 to be collected.
Expert