Waves

Visible light and infrared radiation travel from the Sun to the Earth. Which statement describes the time taken for visible light and infrared radiation to travel from the Sun to the Earth?

Infrared radiation has a longer wavelength than visible light. Complete the sentence. Choose the answer from the box. <br><br> Compared with the frequency of infrared radiation, the frequency of visible light is __________.

The Sun and the Earth both emit infrared radiation. How does the rate of infrared radiation emitted by the Sun compare with the rate of infrared radiation emitted by the Earth? Give a reason for your answer.

Figure 7 represents a transverse wave. Which arrow represents the amplitude of the wave?

Which arrow represents the wavelength of the wave?

A wave has a frequency of 5000 Hz. <br><br> Calculate the period of the wave. <br> Use the equation: <br> period = 1 / frequency

Give one example of a transverse wave that can travel through a vacuum.

Figure 8 represents a longitudinal wave. Which point is at the centre of a rarefaction?

A sound wave has a frequency of 750 Hz. <br> speed of sound in air = 330 m/s <br><br> Calculate the wavelength of the sound wave. <br> Use the equation: <br> wavelength = wave speed / frequency

Describe a method that could be used to determine the speed of sound in air.

When a sound wave moves from air into water, the speed of the wave increases. The frequency of the sound wave does not change. <br><br> Complete the sentence. Choose the answer from the box. <br><br> When a sound wave moves from air into water its wavelength __________.

Figure 10 shows the wavelengths of some types of electromagnetic radiation. Suggest one piece of equipment that can be used to detect infrared radiation.

Which of the following values is a wavelength of red light?

The eyes of a bee can detect electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 300 nm and 600 nm. Give two ways the radiation detected by the eyes of a bee is different from the radiation detected by human eyes.

Complete the sentences. Choose the answers from the box. <br><br> When sunlight shines on a red flower, the red light is __________.

All other colours of light shining on the red flower are __________.

A gardener looks at a red flower through a green filter. How does the flower appear to the gardener?

The leaves of the plant reflect light. The leaves have a rough surface. What type of reflection happens at the leaf surface?

A student investigated the refraction of light by a glass block. Figure 13 shows the protractor used to measure the angles of incidence and the angles of refraction. What is the resolution of the protractor used to measure the angles?

Describe a method the student could have used to obtain the data in Table 1. You may include a labelled diagram. <br><br> Table 1 shows the results: <br> Angle of incidence (degrees): 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 <br> Angle of refraction (degrees): 6, 12, 18, 23, 28, 32

The student measured the angles of refraction for two additional angles of incidence. Table 2 shows the additional results. <br> Angle of incidence (degrees): 70, 80 <br> Angle of refraction (degrees): 35, 37 <br><br> Complete Figure 14. You should: <br> • plot the results from Table 2 <br> • draw the line of best fit.

How does Figure 14 show that the angle of refraction is not directly proportional to the angle of incidence?

Figure 16 shows a ray of light incident on the reflective surface. Complete Figure 16 to show the reflected ray of light. You should include the normal line at the point where the incident ray meets the reflecting surface.

Rays of light pass through the transparent cover of the headlight. Which diagram shows how a ray of light passes through the transparent cover?

A student investigated the refraction of light by a glass block. Figure 1 shows the protractor used to measure the angles of incidence and the angles of refraction. What is the resolution of the protractor used to measure the angles?

Describe a method the student could have used to obtain the data in Table 1. You may include a labelled diagram. Table 1: Angle of incidence (degrees): 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 Angle of refraction (degrees): 6, 12, 18, 23, 28, 32

Figure 2 shows some of the results from the investigation. Table 2 shows additional results. Complete Figure 2. You should: • plot the results from Table 2 • draw the line of best fit. Table 2: Angle of incidence (degrees): 70, 80 Angle of refraction (degrees): 35, 37

How does the completed graph show that the angle of refraction is not directly proportional to the angle of incidence?

Figure 4 shows a ray of light incident on the reflective surface of a car headlight. Complete Figure 4 to show the reflected ray of light. You should include the normal line at the point where the incident ray meets the reflecting surface.

Rays of light pass through the transparent cover of the headlight. Which diagram shows how a ray of light passes through the transparent cover?

Earthquakes often occur at the Mariana Trench. P-waves and S-waves are produced by earthquakes. Which statement describes P-waves and S-waves?

Figure 9 shows the layers inside the Earth. An earthquake occurs at the position shown. Which letter shows the position where only P-waves will be detected? Give a reason for your answer.

An S-wave has a frequency of 3.6 Hz. The S-wave has a speed of 4.5 km/s. Calculate the wavelength of this S-wave. Use the Physics Equations Sheet.

A seismometer is a device that detects earthquakes. P-waves travel at a known speed between an earthquake and a seismometer. S-waves travel at a slower speed than P-waves. A P-wave and an S-wave from the earthquake arrive at the seismometer at different times. Describe the relationship between the distance from the earthquake to the seismometer and the time between the P-wave and the S-wave arriving.

Radio waves and gamma rays both transfer energy. Give three other similarities between radio waves and gamma rays.

Both radio waves and gamma rays are used in medicine. Give one medical use of gamma rays.

Explain why exposure to gamma rays can be harmful but exposure to radio waves is not harmful.

Some medical scanners produce radio waves at a specific frequency. Explain how radio waves are produced at a specific frequency.