[Section A] A retail bank implements an Artificial Intelligence (AI) system to evaluate loan applications. The system uses historical data to identify patterns and automatically adjusts its own decision-making algorithms over time without explicit human reprogramming. Which specific subset of AI does this describe?

Answer options:

Robotic Process Automation (RPA)

Machine Learning

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Blockchain

How to approach this question

Look for the keywords: 'adjusts its own algorithms over time without explicit human reprogramming'.

Full Answer

B.Machine Learning✓ Correct

Machine Learning (ML) is a branch of AI based on the idea that systems can learn from data, identify patterns, and make decisions with minimal human intervention. Unlike traditional software (or RPA) which follows static rules, ML models update their parameters as they process more data.

Common mistakes

Selecting RPA. RPA is 'dumb' automation—it just clicks where it is told to click based on rigid rules. ML is 'smart' automation.

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