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AQA GCSE · Question 05.2 · Organisation
Water and dissolved substances are transported through a plant.
Complete the sentences. Choose answers from the box.
epidermis, guard cells, palisade cells, phloem, stomata, xylem
Water moves from the roots to the leaves in the ______.
Water is lost from leaves through pores called ______.
Dissolved sugars are transported in the ______.
Water and dissolved substances are transported through a plant.
Complete the sentences. Choose answers from the box.
epidermis, guard cells, palisade cells, phloem, stomata, xylem
Water moves from the roots to the leaves in the ______.
Water is lost from leaves through pores called ______.
Dissolved sugars are transported in the ______.
How to approach this question
1. For the first sentence, recall the two main transport tissues in a plant. Which one is responsible for carrying water and minerals from the roots up to the rest of the plant?
2. For the second sentence, think about gas exchange and water loss (transpiration) in a leaf. What is the name of the small openings, usually on the underside of the leaf, that allow this to happen?
3. For the third sentence, identify the other main transport tissue. What is its function? It transports sugars (food) from the leaves to where they are needed.
Full Answer
Water moves from the roots to the leaves in the **xylem**.
Water is lost from leaves through pores called **stomata**.
Dissolved sugars are transported in the **phloem**.
Plants have two specialised transport tissues:
- **Xylem:** These tubes transport water and dissolved mineral ions from the roots, up the stem, and to the leaves. This flow of water is called the transpiration stream.
- **Phloem:** These tubes transport dissolved sugars (like sucrose), made during photosynthesis in the leaves, to other parts of the plant for immediate use (e.g., in respiration) or for storage (e.g., as starch in roots). This process is called translocation.
Water evaporates from the surface of the leaves and diffuses out into the air. This water vapour is lost through tiny pores on the leaf surface called **stomata** (singular: stoma). These pores also allow carbon dioxide to enter for photosynthesis.
Common mistakes
✗ Mixing up xylem and phloem. A way to remember is "Xylem for water, Phloem for food".\n✗ Confusing stomata with guard cells (guard cells are the cells that open and close the stomata).
Practice the full AQA GCSE Biology Foundation Tier Paper 1
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