The Human Body and Movement in Physical Activity and Sport

Which one of these components of fitness is the most important when dribbling a ball around a defender in basketball?

Which one of these is the correct pathway of the blood in the cardiac cycle as it returns to the heart from the vena cava?

Which one of these bones is located at the shoulder joint?

A sprinter includes speed work in their training. Which one of these principles of training are they using?

Table 1 shows the ratings of a GCSE PE class for the Vertical Jump Test. **Table 1** | Rating | Male | Female | |---------------|--------------------|--------------------| | Excellent | Jump ≥ 65 cm | Jump ≥ 58 cm | | Above average | 50 ≤ Jump < 65 cm | 46 ≤ Jump < 58 cm | | Average | 40 ≤ Jump < 50 cm | 35 ≤ Jump < 46 cm | | Below average | 30 ≤ Jump < 40 cm | 26 ≤ Jump < 35 cm | | Poor | Jump < 30 cm | Jump < 26 cm | Mark is a male student who jumps 59 cm. What rating is this according to Table 1?

Which one of these describes muscular hypertrophy?

Which one of these describes what happens to the digestive system's blood supply during exercise?

Andrew is 40-years-old. Calculate Andrew's maximum heart rate.

State the percentage range of maximal heart rate for the aerobic training zone. Calculate Andrew's heart rate range in beats per minute (BPM) for his aerobic training zone.

Figure 1 shows an athlete in two different positions (A and B) as he performs a bicep curl. Identify the joint action taking place at the elbow as the arm moves from A to B.

Identify the main antagonist at the elbow as the arm moves from A to B.

Identify the type of muscle contraction that is taking place at the elbow as the arm moves from A to B.

Figure 2 shows Anna performing a running action. Identify the plane and axis when Anna is performing a running action as shown in Figure 2.

Anna uses explosive strength when running a 400m race. Define 'explosive strength'. Justify why explosive strength is important when running a 400m race.

Define 'flexibility'.

The Sit and Reach Test measures flexibility. Describe how to carry out this test.

Justify why flexibility is an important component of fitness needed for a games player to perform effectively.

State four factors other than warming up and stretching that should be considered to help prevent injury before and during a training session.

Explain why it is important to cool down after an intensive training session.

What is the role of a tendon?

Muscles work in pairs. Outline the role of the antagonist.

Name two major muscle groups that allow the leg to move at the hip.

Define 'adduction'. Use a sporting example in your answer.

Name the type of joint where adduction can take place.

Define 'isometric contraction'. Use a sporting example in your answer.

What is formed when haemoglobin and oxygen combine in the red blood cells?

Identify four features of the alveoli that assist in gaseous exchange.

Explain how air pressure changes occur in the chest cavity allowing exhalation to take place. Refer to the roles of the intercostal muscles, rib cage and diaphragm.

Name two bones located at the ankle.

Figure 3 shows a swimmer in two different positions (A and B) as they perform a dive. Use Figure 3 to help you answer Question 16.2. Identify the class of lever used at the ankle as shown in Figure 3.

Describe two components of the second-class lever system identified in Question 16.2, using the ankle as the example.

Performers may train at high altitude. This usually takes place at over 2000 m above sea level for at least 30 days. Discuss whether altitude training is an effective method of training for a long-distance swimmer.

Evaluate whether the Illinois Agility Test is more relevant to a netball player than to a 200m runner.

Zeke is a 15-year-old boy. He represents his local athletics club in the 800m, javelin and long jump. Zeke is about to start a weight training programme to improve his performance in these events. Discuss the appropriateness of weight training for Zeke and any other factors he may need to consider to improve his performance.